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[Bibliography] [Figures] [Notes]




                          BIBLIOGRAPHY



This page contains items which did not readily fit into the various topical
bibliograpies. They are listed in alpabetical order by the author's last name.


:Aron
Aron, Raymond

  1966 _THE INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY: Three Essays on Ideology and
       Development_.  New York: Simon and Schuster, Clarion,
       1967.

  1968 _PROGRESS AND DISILLUSION: The Dialectics of Modern Soci-
       ety.  New York: New American Library.


:BMusic

Benzon, William L.

  1993 STAGES IN THE EVOLUTION OF MUSIC.  _Journal of Social and
       Evolutionary Systems_ in press.


:Boserup

Boserup, Ester / Denmark Government

  1965 _THE CONDITIONS OF AGRICULTURAL GROWTH:  The Economics of
       Agrarian Change under Population Pressure_.  Foreword by
       Nicholas Kaldor.  London: G. Allen & Unwin; Chicago:
       Aldine Publishing Company.

       Rev AmAn 36:377-379, 1971 / Sheffer, C.

  1970 _WOMAN'S ROLE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT_.  London: George
       Allen & Unwin Ltd & New York: St. Martin's Press.

  1976 ENVIRONMENT, POPULATION, AND TECHNOLOGY IN PRIMITIVE
       SOCIETIES.  _Population and Development Review_ 2:2136.

  1981 _POPULATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE:  A Study of Long
       Term Trends_.  Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Publisher & Chica-
       go:  University of Chicago Press.


:FBCC

Braudel, Fernand

       _CIVILISATION MATERIELLE, ECONOMIE ET CAPITALISME:  XVe--
       XVIIIe siecle_.  Paris: Librairie Armand Colin.

       Trans. _CIVILIZATION AND CAPITALISM: 15TH-18TH Century_. 
       New York:  Harper & Row.

       Written in  French in the 1960s and translated by Sian
       Reynolds, 3 volumes.  Some of the best history written in
       our time, with a global perspective and at least some
       thought for life before writing was invented.  Not exactly
       history of technology, but close.

  1967 Vol. 1. _LES STRUCTURES DU QUOTIDIEN: Le possible et
       l'impossible_.

       1981  Trans. as _THE STRUCTURES OF EVERYDAY LIFE: The
       Limits of the Possible_.

       Rev NYTBR / Robinson, Paul.  "greatest living historian"

  1979 Vol. 2. _LES JEUX DE L'ECHANGE_.

       The title (Jeux) refers to games, speculation.

       1982  Trans. _THE WHEELS OF COMMERCE_.

  1984 Vol. 3. _LE TEMPS DU MONDE_.

       The development of Europe's world economy

       1984 Trans. _THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE WORLD_.

       Rev New Yorker / Bliven, Naomi


:Campbell

Campbell, Bernard [Grant] / Cambridge University

  1966 _HUMAN EVOLUTION: An Introduction to Man's Adaptations_. 
       Chicago: Aldine.

       1976  2d ed.
       1985  3d ed  Hawthorne, New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

Table 9.2.  Categories of Technology [279]

1. Prototechnology:
   a. Tool use
   b. Tool modification
2. Technology:
   a. Tool manufacture
   b. Stone technology (and secondary tools)
3. Pyrotechnology:
   a. Fire use
   b. Fire control
   c. Fire making
   d. Metal industries (smelting, casting, forging)

4. Facilities:
   a. Containers, cords, etc.
   b. Energy control.  
5. Machines.  
6. Instruments.  
7. Computers.


:Carneiro

Carneiro, Robert Leonard [1927- ] / American Museum of Natural
History

  1987 VILLAGE SPLITTING AS A FUNCTION OF POPULATION SIZE.  In
       Leland & Jorgensen, 99-124.

Leland, Donald & Jorgensen, Joseph, eds

     1987 _Themes in Ethnology and Culture History: Essays in Honor
          of David F. Aberle_.  Meerut, India: Folklore Institute
          / Archana Publications.


:MMH

Childe, Vere Gordon [1892-1957]

  1936 _MAN MAKES HIMSELF_.  London:  Watts & Co.

  1950 THE URBAN REVOLUTION.  _Town Planning Review_ 21:3-17.

       1972  Reprinted in Leone, 43-51.

       Technological: (1) the great increase in the size of the
       settlement ...; (2) the institution of tribute or taxation
       with resulting central accumulation of capital; (3) monu-
       mental public works; (4) the art of writing; (5) the
       beginnings of such exact and predictive sciences as artih-
       metic, geometry, and astronomy; and (6) developed economic
       institutions making possible a greatly expanded foreign
       trade.
       Social: (7) full-time technical specialists, as in metal-
       working; (8) a privileged ruling class; and (9) the state,
       or the organization of society on a basis of residence in
       place of, or on top of, a basis of kinship.
       Also (10) reappearance of naturalistic art.  PWTr 23-24.


:Cook

Cook, Earl

  1971 THE FLOW OF ENERGY IN AN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY: The U.S.,
       with 6 percent of the world population, uses 35 percent of
       the energy.  E&Pr* 83-94.


:Csikszentmihalyi

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly / University of Chicago / Psychology

  1990 _FLOW: The Psychology of Optimal Experience.  New York:
       Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc.

       1991 Paper.  Harper Perennial.

       ... much of the "why" [of cultural evolution] is rooted in
       the mind's pleasure in and craving for complexity:  cul-
       ture evolves because people enjoy performing ever more
       complex tasks.

       What is critical about language is that it enabled people
       willfully to manipulate their mental processes, to gain
       control of consciousness.  (Benzon & Hays, 1990, p. 305)


:Darwin
Darwin, Charles Robert [1809-1882]

  1859 _ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION,
       or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for
       Life_.  London: John Murray.

       1964 Facsimile.  Introduction by Ernst Mayr.  Cambridge,
       MA:  Harvard University Press.

       1967 Facsimile.  New York: Atheneum.

       1872  6th Ed


       If under changing conditions of life organic beings pres-
       ent individual differences in almost every part of their
       structure, and this cannot be disputed; if there be, owing
       to their geometrical rate of increase, a severe struggle
       for life at some age, season or year, and this certainly
       cannot be disputed; then, considering the infinite com-
       plexity of the relations of all organic beings to each
       other and to their conditions of life, causing an infinite
       diversity in structure, constitution and habits, to be
       advantageous to them, it would be a most extraordinary
       fact if no variations had ever occurred useful to each
       being's own welfare, as so many variations have occurred
       useful to man.  But if variations useful to any organic
       being ever do occur, assuredly individuals thus character-
       ized will have the best chance of being preserved in the
       struggle for life; and from the strong principle of inher-
       itance, they will tend to produce offspring similarly
       characterized.  The principle of preservation, or the
       survival of the fittest, I have called Natural Selection. 
       (p. 17, quoted by Goertzel, p. 32)


:LSDC

De Camp, L. S.

  1960 _THE ANCIENT ENGINEERS_.  New York: Ballantine Books.

       The quotation, from p. 272, is in Mokyr ( BIBLNOTE* ) on
       p. 26.

:PUNC

Eldredge, Niles

  1985 _UNFINISHED SYNTHESIS: Biological Hierarchies and Modern
       Evolutionary Thought_.  New York: Oxford University Press. 
       = USNE

       Brain size increases at every "alleged speciation event in
       hominids over the past four million years."  (p. 131)

Eldredge, Niles and Gould, Steven J.

  1972 PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIA.  In _Models in Paleobiology_,
       edited by T. J. M. Schopf. San Francisco: Freeman, pp. 82-
       115.

       1985  Reprinted in Eldredge, pp. 193-223.


:Ellul

Ellul, Jacques

  1964 _THE TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY_.  Wilkinson, John, trans.  New
       York: Random House.


:Gellner

Gellner, Ernest

  1983 _NATIONS AND NATIONALISM_.  Ithaca, New York:  Cornell
       University Press.


:Gordon

Gordon, Cyrus H.

  1962 _BEFORE THE BIBLE: The Common Background of Greek and
       Hebrew Civilisations_.  Harper & Row, Publishers.

       Rev AA 66:1220-1221 / Wax, Murray

  1965 _THE COMMON BACKGROUND OF GREEK AND HEBREW CIVILIZATIONS_. 
       Revised from _Before the Bible_.  New York: W. W. Norton &
       Company, Inc.


:Graber

Graber, Robert Bates

  1991 POPULATION PRESSURE, AGRICULTURAL ORIGINS, AND CULTURAL
       EVOLUTION: Constrained mobility or inhibited expansion? 
       _American Anthropologist_ 93:692-695.  = RG91

       [Comment on Rosenberg, Michael, 1990]

       Graber suggests that the size of societies grows with the
       square of population, and observes that in fact societal
       size has grown by a factor of a million.

  1988 A MATHEMATICAL INTERPRETATION OF CIRCUMSCRIPTION APPLIED
       TO THE WESTWARD EXPANSION.  _American Behavioral Scien-
       tist_ 31:459-471.  RG91

  1989 A POPULATION-PRESSURE ALTERNATIVE TO A SOCIOBIOLOGICAL
       THEORY OF THE RISE OF ESCALATORY INTERGROUP COMPETITION. 
       _Politics and the Life Sciences_ 7:203-206.

       "The size of human societies should increase in proportion
       to the square of density."  RG91:695

  1990 AREAL DECREASE, DENSITY INCREASE, AND CIRCUMSCRIPTION: A
       mathematical note.  _American Antiquity_ 55:546-549.  RG91


:Handwerker

Handwerker, W. Penn

  1983 THE FIRST DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION:  An Analysis of Subsis-
       tence Choices and Reproductive Consequences.  _American
       Anthropologist_ 85:5-27.


:Headrick

Headrick, Daniel R.

  1981 _THE TOOLS OF EMPIRE: Technology and European Imperialism
       in the Nineteenth Century_.  New York: Oxford University
       Press.

  1988 _THE TENTACLES OF PROGRESS: Technology Transfer in the Age
       of Imperialism, 1850-1940_.  New York: Oxford University
       Press.


:Hewes

Hewes, Gordon Winant [1918- ] / University of Colorado

  1981 Map of the world in 1500, with 76 cultures. Reprinted in
       Braudel FBCC* p. 57.

        1 Tasmania ... 27    Primitive, gatherers, fishermen
       28 ...          44    Nomads, stockbreeders
       45 ... 61 Aztec       A deficient form of agriculture;
              62 Inca        peasants using hoes
              63 Finnish
       64 Caucasian          Civilizations; "relatively dense
       65 Abyssinian tillers populations ... domestic animals,
          ...                swing-ploughs, ploughs, carts,
       76 Japan              and above all towns."


:Hignett

Hignett, C.

  1952 _A HISTORY OF THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION_.  Oxford: Claren-
       don Press.

       Male citizens enjoyed the franchise and trial by jury. 
       (Parsons, p. 109)


:EAWM

Jewell, William J., ed. / Cornell University

  1976 _ENERGY, AGRICULTURE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT_.  Proceedings
       of the 1975 Cornell Agricultural Waste Management Confer-
       ence.  Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.


:Powers

Kennedy, Paul / Yale University / History

  1988 _THE RISE AND FALL OF THE GREAT POWERS: Economic Change
       and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000_.  New York:
       Random House.

:Prep21

Kennedy, Paul

  1993 _PREPARING FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY_.  New York:
       Random House.


:KrAn

Kroeber, Alfred L.

  1923  _ANTHROPOLOGY_.

       1948 Revised ed.  _ANTHROPOLOGY:  Race, Language, Culture,
       Psychology, Prehistory_.  New York: Harcourt, Brace and
       Co.


:Roster

Kroeber, Alfred

  1964 _A ROSTER OF CIVILIZATIONS AND CULTURES_.  Viking Fund
       Publications in Anthropology, 33.

       Published after Kroeber's death, from incomplete notes.


:R&C

LÇvi-Strauss, Claude

  1964 _MYTHOLOGIQUES: LE CRU ET LE CUIT_.  Paris: Plon.

       1969 _The Raw and the Cooked: Introduction to a Science of
       Mythology_.  New York:  Harper & Row, Publishers.  Weight-
       man, John & Doreen, trans.


:Marcuse

Marcuse, Herbert

  1964 _ONE-DIMENSIONAL MAN: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced
       Industrial Society._  Boston: Beacon Press.


:Montagu

Montagu, M. F. Ash1ey

  1972 SOCIOGENIC BRAIN DAMAGE.  _American Anthropologist_ 74:
       1045-1061.

       Social deprivation is known to damage infant rats.  "There
       is reason to believe that poverty and the ghetto, often
       associated with both physical and social malnutrition,
       constitute a combination of conditions capable of produc-
       ing severe failures in neural development ..."

       Montagu was bold to write this paper when he did, but the
       evidence is much stronger now.


:Morgan

Morgan, Lewis H.

  1909 _ANCIENT SOCIETY_.  Chicago: Charles H. Kerr.


:LMum
Mumford, Lewis [1895-1990]

  1961 _THE CITY IN HISTORY: Its Origins, its Transformations,
       and its Prospects_.  San Diego:  Harcourt Brace Jovano-
       vich, Publishers.

  1964 _THE MYTH OF THE MACHINE: The Pentagon of Power_.  New
       York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovic, Inc.

  1966 _THE MYTH OF THE MACHINE: Technics and Human Development_. 
       New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.


:GPM

Murdock, George Peter [1897-1985]

  1938 _OUTLINE OF CULTURAL MATERIALS_.  New Haven, CT: Human
       Relations Area Files Inc.

       1945  2nd ed.
       1950  3rd ed.
       1961  4th rev. ed.
       1982  5th rev. ed.  Murdock, Clellan S. Ford, Alfred E.
       Hudson, Raymond Kennedy, Leo W. Simmons, and John W. M.
       Whiting.

  1967 _ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS_.  Pittsburgh: University of Pitts-
       burgh Press.

  1981 _ATLAS OF WORLD CULTURES_.  Pittsburgh: University of
       Pittsburgh Press.


:moralnet

Naroll, Raoul [1920-1985]

  1983 _THE MORAL ORDER: An Introduction to the Human Situation_. 
       Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

       By a moralnet, I mean a primary group that serves as a
       normative reference group.  The archetypical moralnets are
       the extended family or the primeval hunting band.  (p. 19)


:MILDET

Naroll, Raoul [1920-1985]; Bullough, Vern L. & Naroll, Frada

  1973 _MILITARY DETERRENCE IN HISTORY:  A Pilot Cross-historical
       Survey_.  Albany: State University of New York Press.

       Rev AA 78:904-905 / Tefft, Stanton.


:Oleson

Oleson, John Peter

  1986 _BRONZE AGE, GREEK, AND ROMAN TECHNOLOGY: A SELECT, ANNO-
       TATED BIBLIOGRAPHY_.  New York & London: Garland Publish-
       ing, Inc.

       1. Sources
       2. General surveys, 39
       3. Mining, quarrying, and metal production
          Prospecting and mining, 55
          Quarrying and stoneworking, 63
          Metallurgy, 76
       4. Food production and preparation
          Agriculture and agricultural tools, 101
          Animal husbandry, 111
          Hunting and fishing, 118
          Food preparation and diet, 123

       5. Energy, power, and mechanical devices
          Sources of power (animal, human, harnesses, water,
           wind, steam), machines in general, 141
          Presses and hand mills, 155
          Cranes, 159
          Water-lifting machinery, 160
          Siege engines, 163
          Gadgets, 169
          Energy conversion (heating, cooling, lighting), petro-
           leum and coal, 172
       6. Construction and civil engineering
          General surveys, 183
          Bronze Age construction, 186
          Greek construction, 191
          Roman construction, 200
          Hydraulic engineering, 211

       7. Manufacturing and trade
          General surveys and trade, 231
          Handtools, 250
          Metalworking, 253
          Woodworking, 274
          Textiles and basketry, 279
          Leatherworking, 296
          Ceramics, 300
          Glass, 315
          Applied chemistry (dyes, inks, industrial chemicals,
           cosmetics), 328
          Large-scale production, 335
       8. Transportation
          Land transportation:
            Roads, bridges, services, maps, 339
            Vehicles and riding, 347
          Sea transportation
            General studies, diving, 354
            Ships and navigation, 364
            Harbors, lighthouses, canals, 395

       9.  Record-keeping and standards
           Writing and book production, 407
           Timekeeping, 423
           Weights, measures, and coinage, 429
       10. Military technology
           General surveys, 441
           Equipment and tactics, 450
           Fortifications, 461
       11. Cultural attitudes towards labor, technology, and
           innovation, 467


:UCSn

Otterbein, Keith F. / SUNY Buffalo / Anthropology

  1986 _THE ULTIMATE COERCIVE SANCTION: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF
       CAPITAL PUNISHMENT_.  New Haven, CT: HRAF Press.

       Rev AA 90:446-447 / Case, Carole
       Rev Man 23:415 / Hoebel, E. Adamson


:Palmer

Palmer, R. R.

       _THE AGE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION_.  Princeton Univer-
       sity Press.  TPES 146

       1959  Vol. 1.

       "The landed aristocracies were the upper class, providing
       the support in prestige for the development of modern
       territorial monarchies."  [148]  TPES 146

       1964  Vol. 2.


:Parsons

Parsons, Talcott [1902-1979] / Harvard University 

  1966 _SOCIETIES:  EVOLUTIONARY AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES_. 
       Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 

  1977 _THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIETIES_.  Toby, Jackson, ed & intro. 
       (Combined and edited version of _Societies:  Evolutionary
       and Comparative Perspectives_ [1966] and _The System of
       Modern Societies_ [1971].  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Pren-
       tice-Hall, Inc.


:PvHy
Popper, Karl Raimund, Sir [1902- ]

  1945 _THE POVERTY OF HISTORICISM_.  Economica, N.S. 12 (46).

       1954 Tr. Milano.
       1956 Tr. Paris.
       1957 Revised edition.  Boston: Beacon Press.

       "In memory of the countless men and women of all creeds or
       nations or races who fell victims to the fascist and
       communist belief in Inexorable Laws of Historical Desti-
       ny."  (p. v)

       "The fundamental thesis of this book--that the belief in
       historical destiny is sheer superstition, and that there
       can be no prediction of the course of human history by
       scientific or any other rational means--goes back to the
       winter of 1919-20."  (p. vii)

       Holistic thought belongs to "a pre-scientific stage."  (p.
       76)

       Whole: "(a) the totality of all the properties or aspects
       of a thing, and especially of all the relations holding
       between its constituent parts, and (b) certain special
       properties or aspects of the thing in question, namely
       those which make it appear an organized structure rather
       than a 'mere heap'."  (p. 76)

       A whole in sense (a) is impossible to deal with.  (p. 77)

       A craving for "concrete knowledge of 'reality itself'" or
       of the "whole" is "mysticism".  (p. 78)

       "The evolution of life on earth, or of human society, is a
       unique historical process."  (p. 108)

       The course of a unique process cannot be predicted from
       its past; the butterfly cannot be anticipated from obser-
       vation of a caterpillar.  (p. 109)

       A 'static' social system corresonds to a stationary dynam-
       ic physical system; astronomy succeeds because the solar
       system is static.  (pp. 112-113)

       The "central mistake of historicism" is its devotion to
       absolute trends, independent of initial conditions.  From
       them flow "unconditional prophecies, as opposed to condi-
       tional scientific predictions."  (p. 128)

       The premises of deductive systems are "tentative conjec-
       tures, or hypotheses."  (p. 131)

       "historical sciences take all kinds of universal laws for
       granted and are mainly interested in finding and testing
       singular statements."  (p. 144)


:Rappaport

Rappaport, Roy A.

  1968 _PIGS FOR THE ANCESTORS: Ritual in the Ecology of a New
       Guinea People_.  New Haven: Yale University Press.

       1984  New enl. ed.
             Rev AmEth 13:374-375 / Strathan, Andrew
       1987 2nd editon.

  1971 THE FLOW OF ENERGY IN AN AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.  _Scien-
       tific American_ 224(3): 116-132.

       1971 In E&Pr* 69-82.


:garbage

  Plastic is not, in fact, quite as big an offender as we often
  think; paper is worse.

Rathje, William & Murphy, Cullen

  1992 _RUBBISH! The Archeology of Garbage_.  New York: Harper-
       Collins.

       Rev NYTBR 0705:5 / Rybczynski, Witold.
       Rev NYT 0709:C19 / Christopher Lehmann-Haupt

       Plastic 16%, stable; paper 40%, rising.  Polystyrene foam,
       1%; disposable diapers 1.4%.  Per capita quantity stable:
       Paper and plastic have replaced coal ash and horse manure.


:Robertson

Robertson, D. S.

  1990 THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION.  _Communication Research_ 17,
       235-254.


:Rostow

Rostow, Walt Whitman [b. 1916] / MIT

  1960 _THE STAGES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: A Non-Communist Manifes-
       to_.  Cambridge University Press.


:486

Sanger, David E.

  1988 Chip Designers Seek Haste without Waste.  NYT 880106:D4.

       Intel 80486 will have a million transistors, 80386 had
       275,000, 80286 had 120,000.


:Schmookler

Schmookler, Andrew Bard

  1984 _THE PARABLE OF THE TRIBES:  The Problem of Power in
       Social Evolution_.  Berkeley: University of California
       Press.

       1986 paper  Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.


:Seligman

Seligman, Adam B.

  1992 _THE IDEA OF CIVIL SOCIETY_.  New York: The Free Press. 
       241 p.

       Rev NYTBR 0913:26 / Gray, John

       The concept derives from 17th c. transformation of medieval
       ideas of natural law in Christian individualism of John
       Locke; it was expanded by the Scottish Enlightenment.  The
       concept has been revived now in Eastern Europe, USA, and
       Western Europe in divergent forms.

       The issue is the relationship between public and private
       goals and interests.  (Note that this characterization is
       not quite the same as Fairbank's, quoted in 5_2_3* .)


:GEEB

Smil, Vaclav

  1991 _GENERAL ENERGETICS: ENERGY IN THE BIOSPHERE AND CIVILIZA-
       TION_.  New York: John Wiley & Sons.  = GEEB


:Spencer
Spencer, Herbert [1820-1903]

  1873 _PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY_, Vol. 1.

  1882 _PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY_, Vol. II.  London: Williams &
       Norgate Ltd. and New York: D. Appleton and Company.

  1896 _PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY_, Vol. III.  London: Williams &
       Norgate Ltd. and New York: D. Appleton and Company.

  1967 _THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIETY: SELECTIONS FROM HERBERT SPEN-
       CER'S PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY_.  Robert L. Carneiro, Ed. 
       Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

       "[Society] undergoes continuous growth.  As it grows, its
       parts become unlike: it exhibits increase of structure. 
       The unlike parts simultaneously  assume activities of
       unlike kinds.  These activities are not simply different,
       but their differences are so related as to make one anoth-
       er possible.  The reciprocal aid thus given causes mutual
       dependence of the parts.  And the mutually dependent
       parts, living by and for one another, form an aggregate 
       constituted on the same general principle as is an indi-
       vidual organism."  (p. 8, quoted by Haas 59-60)


:Spengler

Spengler, Oswald [1880-1936]

       _DER UNTERGANG DES ABENDLANDES_.  Mönchen: C. H. Beck'sche
       Verlagsbuchhandlung.

  1918 I, _Gestalt und Wirklichkeit_.

  1922 II, _Welthistorisches Perspektiven_.

       _The Decline of the West_.  Trans. Charles Francis Atkin-
       son.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

       1926 I, _Form and Actuality_.

       1928 II, _Perspectives of World History_.


:TCCh
Steward, Julian Haynes [1902-1972]

  1955 _THEORY OF CULTURE CHANGE_, University of Illinois Press.


:Sung

Sung, Ying-hsing [1615-1644 fl]

  1637 1966 _T'ien-kung k'ai-wu_ = _CHINESE TECHNOLOGY IN THE
       SEVENTEENTH CENTURY_.  Sun, E-tu Zen & Sun, Shiou-chuan,
       trs.  University Park: Pennsylvania State University
       Press.

       Part I

       1.  The growing of grain, 3
       2.  Clothing materials, 35
       3.  Dyes, 73
       4.  The preparation of grains, 81
       5.  Salt, 109
       6.  Sugars, 124

       Part II

       7.  Ceramics
       8.  Casting, 159
       9.  Boats and carts, 171
       10. Hammer forging, 189
       11. Calcination of stones, 201
       12. Vegetable oils and fats, 215
       13. Paper, 223

       Part III

       14. The metals, 235
       15. Weapons, 261
       16. Vermilion and ink, 279
       17. Yeasts, 289
       18. Pearls and gems, 295


:Toffler

Toffler, Alvin

  1973 _THE THIRD WAVE_.  New York:  William Morrow and Company,
       Inc.


:Tuchman

Tuchman, Barbara W.

  1978 _A DISTANT MIRROR: The Calamitous 14th Century_.  New
       York: Alfred A. Knopf.


:Turnbull

Turnbull, Colin M. / George Washington University

  1968 THE IMPORTANCE OF FLUX IN TWO HUNTING SOCIETIES.  In Lee
       and DeVore, 133-137.

       132:  "... population 'flux', or changeover of personnel,
       between local groups of both Ik and Mbuti pygmy hunting
       and gathering groups."  [Cohen 61]


:Vygotskij

Vygotskij, Lev Semonovich

  1934 _THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE_.

       1962 Ed. & Tr. Eugenia Hanfmann & Gertrude Vakar.  Cam-
       bridge, MA: MIT Press.


:Wallace

Wallace, Alfred Russell

  1855 ON THE LAW WHICH HAS REGULATED THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW
       SPECIES.  _Annals and Magazine of Natural History_ 16:184-
       196.

  1858 ON THE TENDENCY OF VARIETIES TO DEPART INDEFINITELY FROM
       THE ORIGINAL TYPE.  _J of the Proceedings of the Linnean
       Society, Zoology_ 3:53-62.

  1864 THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN RACES AND THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN DEDUCED
       FROM THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION.  _J of the Anthropo-
       logical Society of London_ 2157-187.

  1870 _CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION_.  New
       York:  Macmillan.

  1905 _MAN'S PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE_.  New York: McClure Phil-
       lips.


:Wall
Wallerstein, Immanuel

  1974 _THE MODERN WORLD SYSTEM_.  Vol 1, _CAPITALIST AGRICULTURE
       AND THE ORIGINS OF THE EUROPEAN WORLD-ECONOMY IN THE
       SIXTEENTH CENTURY_.  New York: Academic Press.

       "It is the social achievement of the modern world ... to
       have invented the technology that makes it possible to
       increase the flow of the surplus from the lower strata to
       the upper strata, from the periphery to the center, from
       the majority to the minority by eliminating the 'waste' of
       too cumbersome a political structure."  (pp. 15-16)

  1980 _THE MODERN WORLD SYSTEM_.  Vol 2, _Mercantilism and the
       Consolidation of the European World-economy, 1600-1750_. 
       Cambridge University Press.


:TIMA

White, Lynn Townsend, Jr. [1907-1987]

  1940 TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION IN THE MIDDLE AGES.  _Speculum_
       15:141-159.

       "Broadly speaking, technology is the way people do
       things."  (MRTe 1)


:MRTe

White, Lynn T[ownsend], Jr. [1907-1987]

  1978 _MEDIEVAL RELIGION AND TECHNOLOGY:  Collected Essays_. 
       Berkeley-Los Angeles:  University of California Press.

       As a Stanford freshman in the spring of 1925, White decid-
       ed  to become a medieval historian.  On reading Kroeber's
       book called "Anthropology" in 1933, he turned to technolo-
       gy.  He  enjoyed great success, eventually holding the
       title of University Professor of History at UCLA.


:Wiora

Wiora, Walter

  1965 _THE FOUR AGES OF MUSIC_.  New York:  W. W. Norton &
       Company, Inc.


:Wobst

Wobst, H. Martin / University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 1981

  1974 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR PALEOLITHIC SOCIAL SYSTEMS: A
       Simulation Approach.  _American Anthropologist_ 39:147-
       177.


:Znaniecki

Znaniecki

       _THE POLISH PEASANT_.


:Zuboff

Zuboff, Shoshona [1951-  ] / Harvard University / Business School

  1988 _IN THE AGE OF THE SMART MACHINE: THE FUTURE OF WORK AND
       POWER_.  Basic Books.

       Workers feel a loss of 'sentience', "a dissociation of
       sentience [manual] and knowledge."  White-collar workers
       miss the feel of the files.  Computer "both accomplishes
       tasks and translates them into information."  'Textua-
       lizes' production.

       Management loses superiority of knowledge when workers
       understant the production process; responds by making
       hierarchy more rigid, blocking access.  False that manag-
       ers want technology only for "controlling, limiting, and
       ... weakening" labor.


:E&Pr


_ENERGY AND POWER_

  1971 Reprints a special issue of _Scientific American_.  San
       Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company.  = E&Pr




[Mind-Culture Coevolution Home] [Tech Evol Contents]
[1 History] [2 Ranks] [3 Energetics] [4 Informatics]
[5 Politics] [6 Investment] [7 Appropriate] [8 Best They Could]
[Bibliography] [Figures] [Notes]