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[Mind-Culture Covevolution Home] [Tech Evol Contents]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
This page contains items which did not readily fit into the various topical
bibliograpies. They are listed in alpabetical order by the author's last name.
:Aron
Aron, Raymond
1966 _THE INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY: Three Essays on Ideology and
Development_. New York: Simon and Schuster, Clarion,
1967.
1968 _PROGRESS AND DISILLUSION: The Dialectics of Modern Soci-
ety. New York: New American Library.
:BMusic
Benzon, William L.
1993 STAGES IN THE EVOLUTION OF MUSIC. _Journal of Social and
Evolutionary Systems_ in press.
:Boserup
Boserup, Ester / Denmark Government
1965 _THE CONDITIONS OF AGRICULTURAL GROWTH: The Economics of
Agrarian Change under Population Pressure_. Foreword by
Nicholas Kaldor. London: G. Allen & Unwin; Chicago:
Aldine Publishing Company.
Rev AmAn 36:377-379, 1971 / Sheffer, C.
1970 _WOMAN'S ROLE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT_. London: George
Allen & Unwin Ltd & New York: St. Martin's Press.
1976 ENVIRONMENT, POPULATION, AND TECHNOLOGY IN PRIMITIVE
SOCIETIES. _Population and Development Review_ 2:2136.
1981 _POPULATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE: A Study of Long
Term Trends_. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Publisher & Chica-
go: University of Chicago Press.
:FBCC
Braudel, Fernand
_CIVILISATION MATERIELLE, ECONOMIE ET CAPITALISME: XVe--
XVIIIe siecle_. Paris: Librairie Armand Colin.
Trans. _CIVILIZATION AND CAPITALISM: 15TH-18TH Century_.
New York: Harper & Row.
Written in French in the 1960s and translated by Sian
Reynolds, 3 volumes. Some of the best history written in
our time, with a global perspective and at least some
thought for life before writing was invented. Not exactly
history of technology, but close.
1967 Vol. 1. _LES STRUCTURES DU QUOTIDIEN: Le possible et
l'impossible_.
1981 Trans. as _THE STRUCTURES OF EVERYDAY LIFE: The
Limits of the Possible_.
Rev NYTBR / Robinson, Paul. "greatest living historian"
1979 Vol. 2. _LES JEUX DE L'ECHANGE_.
The title (Jeux) refers to games, speculation.
1982 Trans. _THE WHEELS OF COMMERCE_.
1984 Vol. 3. _LE TEMPS DU MONDE_.
The development of Europe's world economy
1984 Trans. _THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE WORLD_.
Rev New Yorker / Bliven, Naomi
:Campbell
Campbell, Bernard [Grant] / Cambridge University
1966 _HUMAN EVOLUTION: An Introduction to Man's Adaptations_.
Chicago: Aldine.
1976 2d ed.
1985 3d ed Hawthorne, New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Table 9.2. Categories of Technology [279]
1. Prototechnology:
a. Tool use
b. Tool modification
2. Technology:
a. Tool manufacture
b. Stone technology (and secondary tools)
3. Pyrotechnology:
a. Fire use
b. Fire control
c. Fire making
d. Metal industries (smelting, casting, forging)
4. Facilities:
a. Containers, cords, etc.
b. Energy control.
5. Machines.
6. Instruments.
7. Computers.
:Carneiro
Carneiro, Robert Leonard [1927- ] / American Museum of Natural
History
1987 VILLAGE SPLITTING AS A FUNCTION OF POPULATION SIZE. In
Leland & Jorgensen, 99-124.
Leland, Donald & Jorgensen, Joseph, eds
1987 _Themes in Ethnology and Culture History: Essays in Honor
of David F. Aberle_. Meerut, India: Folklore Institute
/ Archana Publications.
:MMH
Childe, Vere Gordon [1892-1957]
1936 _MAN MAKES HIMSELF_. London: Watts & Co.
1950 THE URBAN REVOLUTION. _Town Planning Review_ 21:3-17.
1972 Reprinted in Leone, 43-51.
Technological: (1) the great increase in the size of the
settlement ...; (2) the institution of tribute or taxation
with resulting central accumulation of capital; (3) monu-
mental public works; (4) the art of writing; (5) the
beginnings of such exact and predictive sciences as artih-
metic, geometry, and astronomy; and (6) developed economic
institutions making possible a greatly expanded foreign
trade.
Social: (7) full-time technical specialists, as in metal-
working; (8) a privileged ruling class; and (9) the state,
or the organization of society on a basis of residence in
place of, or on top of, a basis of kinship.
Also (10) reappearance of naturalistic art. PWTr 23-24.
:Cook
Cook, Earl
1971 THE FLOW OF ENERGY IN AN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY: The U.S.,
with 6 percent of the world population, uses 35 percent of
the energy. E&Pr* 83-94.
:Csikszentmihalyi
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly / University of Chicago / Psychology
1990 _FLOW: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York:
Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc.
1991 Paper. Harper Perennial.
... much of the "why" [of cultural evolution] is rooted in
the mind's pleasure in and craving for complexity: cul-
ture evolves because people enjoy performing ever more
complex tasks.
What is critical about language is that it enabled people
willfully to manipulate their mental processes, to gain
control of consciousness. (Benzon & Hays, 1990, p. 305)
:Darwin
Darwin, Charles Robert [1809-1882]
1859 _ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION,
or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for
Life_. London: John Murray.
1964 Facsimile. Introduction by Ernst Mayr. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press.
1967 Facsimile. New York: Atheneum.
1872 6th Ed
If under changing conditions of life organic beings pres-
ent individual differences in almost every part of their
structure, and this cannot be disputed; if there be, owing
to their geometrical rate of increase, a severe struggle
for life at some age, season or year, and this certainly
cannot be disputed; then, considering the infinite com-
plexity of the relations of all organic beings to each
other and to their conditions of life, causing an infinite
diversity in structure, constitution and habits, to be
advantageous to them, it would be a most extraordinary
fact if no variations had ever occurred useful to each
being's own welfare, as so many variations have occurred
useful to man. But if variations useful to any organic
being ever do occur, assuredly individuals thus character-
ized will have the best chance of being preserved in the
struggle for life; and from the strong principle of inher-
itance, they will tend to produce offspring similarly
characterized. The principle of preservation, or the
survival of the fittest, I have called Natural Selection.
(p. 17, quoted by Goertzel, p. 32)
:LSDC
De Camp, L. S.
1960 _THE ANCIENT ENGINEERS_. New York: Ballantine Books.
The quotation, from p. 272, is in Mokyr ( BIBLNOTE* ) on
p. 26.
:PUNC
Eldredge, Niles
1985 _UNFINISHED SYNTHESIS: Biological Hierarchies and Modern
Evolutionary Thought_. New York: Oxford University Press.
= USNE
Brain size increases at every "alleged speciation event in
hominids over the past four million years." (p. 131)
Eldredge, Niles and Gould, Steven J.
1972 PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIA. In _Models in Paleobiology_,
edited by T. J. M. Schopf. San Francisco: Freeman, pp. 82-
115.
1985 Reprinted in Eldredge, pp. 193-223.
:Ellul
Ellul, Jacques
1964 _THE TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY_. Wilkinson, John, trans. New
York: Random House.
:Gellner
Gellner, Ernest
1983 _NATIONS AND NATIONALISM_. Ithaca, New York: Cornell
University Press.
:Gordon
Gordon, Cyrus H.
1962 _BEFORE THE BIBLE: The Common Background of Greek and
Hebrew Civilisations_. Harper & Row, Publishers.
Rev AA 66:1220-1221 / Wax, Murray
1965 _THE COMMON BACKGROUND OF GREEK AND HEBREW CIVILIZATIONS_.
Revised from _Before the Bible_. New York: W. W. Norton &
Company, Inc.
:Graber
Graber, Robert Bates
1991 POPULATION PRESSURE, AGRICULTURAL ORIGINS, AND CULTURAL
EVOLUTION: Constrained mobility or inhibited expansion?
_American Anthropologist_ 93:692-695. = RG91
[Comment on Rosenberg, Michael, 1990]
Graber suggests that the size of societies grows with the
square of population, and observes that in fact societal
size has grown by a factor of a million.
1988 A MATHEMATICAL INTERPRETATION OF CIRCUMSCRIPTION APPLIED
TO THE WESTWARD EXPANSION. _American Behavioral Scien-
tist_ 31:459-471. RG91
1989 A POPULATION-PRESSURE ALTERNATIVE TO A SOCIOBIOLOGICAL
THEORY OF THE RISE OF ESCALATORY INTERGROUP COMPETITION.
_Politics and the Life Sciences_ 7:203-206.
"The size of human societies should increase in proportion
to the square of density." RG91:695
1990 AREAL DECREASE, DENSITY INCREASE, AND CIRCUMSCRIPTION: A
mathematical note. _American Antiquity_ 55:546-549. RG91
:Handwerker
Handwerker, W. Penn
1983 THE FIRST DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION: An Analysis of Subsis-
tence Choices and Reproductive Consequences. _American
Anthropologist_ 85:5-27.
:Headrick
Headrick, Daniel R.
1981 _THE TOOLS OF EMPIRE: Technology and European Imperialism
in the Nineteenth Century_. New York: Oxford University
Press.
1988 _THE TENTACLES OF PROGRESS: Technology Transfer in the Age
of Imperialism, 1850-1940_. New York: Oxford University
Press.
:Hewes
Hewes, Gordon Winant [1918- ] / University of Colorado
1981 Map of the world in 1500, with 76 cultures. Reprinted in
Braudel FBCC* p. 57.
1 Tasmania ... 27 Primitive, gatherers, fishermen
28 ... 44 Nomads, stockbreeders
45 ... 61 Aztec A deficient form of agriculture;
62 Inca peasants using hoes
63 Finnish
64 Caucasian Civilizations; "relatively dense
65 Abyssinian tillers populations ... domestic animals,
... swing-ploughs, ploughs, carts,
76 Japan and above all towns."
:Hignett
Hignett, C.
1952 _A HISTORY OF THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION_. Oxford: Claren-
don Press.
Male citizens enjoyed the franchise and trial by jury.
(Parsons, p. 109)
:EAWM
Jewell, William J., ed. / Cornell University
1976 _ENERGY, AGRICULTURE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT_. Proceedings
of the 1975 Cornell Agricultural Waste Management Confer-
ence. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
:Powers
Kennedy, Paul / Yale University / History
1988 _THE RISE AND FALL OF THE GREAT POWERS: Economic Change
and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000_. New York:
Random House.
:Prep21
Kennedy, Paul
1993 _PREPARING FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY_. New York:
Random House.
:KrAn
Kroeber, Alfred L.
1923 _ANTHROPOLOGY_.
1948 Revised ed. _ANTHROPOLOGY: Race, Language, Culture,
Psychology, Prehistory_. New York: Harcourt, Brace and
Co.
:Roster
Kroeber, Alfred
1964 _A ROSTER OF CIVILIZATIONS AND CULTURES_. Viking Fund
Publications in Anthropology, 33.
Published after Kroeber's death, from incomplete notes.
:R&C
LÇvi-Strauss, Claude
1964 _MYTHOLOGIQUES: LE CRU ET LE CUIT_. Paris: Plon.
1969 _The Raw and the Cooked: Introduction to a Science of
Mythology_. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. Weight-
man, John & Doreen, trans.
:Marcuse
Marcuse, Herbert
1964 _ONE-DIMENSIONAL MAN: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced
Industrial Society._ Boston: Beacon Press.
:Montagu
Montagu, M. F. Ash1ey
1972 SOCIOGENIC BRAIN DAMAGE. _American Anthropologist_ 74:
1045-1061.
Social deprivation is known to damage infant rats. "There
is reason to believe that poverty and the ghetto, often
associated with both physical and social malnutrition,
constitute a combination of conditions capable of produc-
ing severe failures in neural development ..."
Montagu was bold to write this paper when he did, but the
evidence is much stronger now.
:Morgan
Morgan, Lewis H.
1909 _ANCIENT SOCIETY_. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr.
:LMum
Mumford, Lewis [1895-1990]
1961 _THE CITY IN HISTORY: Its Origins, its Transformations,
and its Prospects_. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovano-
vich, Publishers.
1964 _THE MYTH OF THE MACHINE: The Pentagon of Power_. New
York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovic, Inc.
1966 _THE MYTH OF THE MACHINE: Technics and Human Development_.
New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
:GPM
Murdock, George Peter [1897-1985]
1938 _OUTLINE OF CULTURAL MATERIALS_. New Haven, CT: Human
Relations Area Files Inc.
1945 2nd ed.
1950 3rd ed.
1961 4th rev. ed.
1982 5th rev. ed. Murdock, Clellan S. Ford, Alfred E.
Hudson, Raymond Kennedy, Leo W. Simmons, and John W. M.
Whiting.
1967 _ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS_. Pittsburgh: University of Pitts-
burgh Press.
1981 _ATLAS OF WORLD CULTURES_. Pittsburgh: University of
Pittsburgh Press.
:moralnet
Naroll, Raoul [1920-1985]
1983 _THE MORAL ORDER: An Introduction to the Human Situation_.
Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
By a moralnet, I mean a primary group that serves as a
normative reference group. The archetypical moralnets are
the extended family or the primeval hunting band. (p. 19)
:MILDET
Naroll, Raoul [1920-1985]; Bullough, Vern L. & Naroll, Frada
1973 _MILITARY DETERRENCE IN HISTORY: A Pilot Cross-historical
Survey_. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Rev AA 78:904-905 / Tefft, Stanton.
:Oleson
Oleson, John Peter
1986 _BRONZE AGE, GREEK, AND ROMAN TECHNOLOGY: A SELECT, ANNO-
TATED BIBLIOGRAPHY_. New York & London: Garland Publish-
ing, Inc.
1. Sources
2. General surveys, 39
3. Mining, quarrying, and metal production
Prospecting and mining, 55
Quarrying and stoneworking, 63
Metallurgy, 76
4. Food production and preparation
Agriculture and agricultural tools, 101
Animal husbandry, 111
Hunting and fishing, 118
Food preparation and diet, 123
5. Energy, power, and mechanical devices
Sources of power (animal, human, harnesses, water,
wind, steam), machines in general, 141
Presses and hand mills, 155
Cranes, 159
Water-lifting machinery, 160
Siege engines, 163
Gadgets, 169
Energy conversion (heating, cooling, lighting), petro-
leum and coal, 172
6. Construction and civil engineering
General surveys, 183
Bronze Age construction, 186
Greek construction, 191
Roman construction, 200
Hydraulic engineering, 211
7. Manufacturing and trade
General surveys and trade, 231
Handtools, 250
Metalworking, 253
Woodworking, 274
Textiles and basketry, 279
Leatherworking, 296
Ceramics, 300
Glass, 315
Applied chemistry (dyes, inks, industrial chemicals,
cosmetics), 328
Large-scale production, 335
8. Transportation
Land transportation:
Roads, bridges, services, maps, 339
Vehicles and riding, 347
Sea transportation
General studies, diving, 354
Ships and navigation, 364
Harbors, lighthouses, canals, 395
9. Record-keeping and standards
Writing and book production, 407
Timekeeping, 423
Weights, measures, and coinage, 429
10. Military technology
General surveys, 441
Equipment and tactics, 450
Fortifications, 461
11. Cultural attitudes towards labor, technology, and
innovation, 467
:UCSn
Otterbein, Keith F. / SUNY Buffalo / Anthropology
1986 _THE ULTIMATE COERCIVE SANCTION: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT_. New Haven, CT: HRAF Press.
Rev AA 90:446-447 / Case, Carole
Rev Man 23:415 / Hoebel, E. Adamson
:Palmer
Palmer, R. R.
_THE AGE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION_. Princeton Univer-
sity Press. TPES 146
1959 Vol. 1.
"The landed aristocracies were the upper class, providing
the support in prestige for the development of modern
territorial monarchies." [148] TPES 146
1964 Vol. 2.
:Parsons
Parsons, Talcott [1902-1979] / Harvard University
1966 _SOCIETIES: EVOLUTIONARY AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES_.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
1977 _THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIETIES_. Toby, Jackson, ed & intro.
(Combined and edited version of _Societies: Evolutionary
and Comparative Perspectives_ [1966] and _The System of
Modern Societies_ [1971]. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Pren-
tice-Hall, Inc.
:PvHy
Popper, Karl Raimund, Sir [1902- ]
1945 _THE POVERTY OF HISTORICISM_. Economica, N.S. 12 (46).
1954 Tr. Milano.
1956 Tr. Paris.
1957 Revised edition. Boston: Beacon Press.
"In memory of the countless men and women of all creeds or
nations or races who fell victims to the fascist and
communist belief in Inexorable Laws of Historical Desti-
ny." (p. v)
"The fundamental thesis of this book--that the belief in
historical destiny is sheer superstition, and that there
can be no prediction of the course of human history by
scientific or any other rational means--goes back to the
winter of 1919-20." (p. vii)
Holistic thought belongs to "a pre-scientific stage." (p.
76)
Whole: "(a) the totality of all the properties or aspects
of a thing, and especially of all the relations holding
between its constituent parts, and (b) certain special
properties or aspects of the thing in question, namely
those which make it appear an organized structure rather
than a 'mere heap'." (p. 76)
A whole in sense (a) is impossible to deal with. (p. 77)
A craving for "concrete knowledge of 'reality itself'" or
of the "whole" is "mysticism". (p. 78)
"The evolution of life on earth, or of human society, is a
unique historical process." (p. 108)
The course of a unique process cannot be predicted from
its past; the butterfly cannot be anticipated from obser-
vation of a caterpillar. (p. 109)
A 'static' social system corresonds to a stationary dynam-
ic physical system; astronomy succeeds because the solar
system is static. (pp. 112-113)
The "central mistake of historicism" is its devotion to
absolute trends, independent of initial conditions. From
them flow "unconditional prophecies, as opposed to condi-
tional scientific predictions." (p. 128)
The premises of deductive systems are "tentative conjec-
tures, or hypotheses." (p. 131)
"historical sciences take all kinds of universal laws for
granted and are mainly interested in finding and testing
singular statements." (p. 144)
:Rappaport
Rappaport, Roy A.
1968 _PIGS FOR THE ANCESTORS: Ritual in the Ecology of a New
Guinea People_. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1984 New enl. ed.
Rev AmEth 13:374-375 / Strathan, Andrew
1987 2nd editon.
1971 THE FLOW OF ENERGY IN AN AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. _Scien-
tific American_ 224(3): 116-132.
1971 In E&Pr* 69-82.
:garbage
Plastic is not, in fact, quite as big an offender as we often
think; paper is worse.
Rathje, William & Murphy, Cullen
1992 _RUBBISH! The Archeology of Garbage_. New York: Harper-
Collins.
Rev NYTBR 0705:5 / Rybczynski, Witold.
Rev NYT 0709:C19 / Christopher Lehmann-Haupt
Plastic 16%, stable; paper 40%, rising. Polystyrene foam,
1%; disposable diapers 1.4%. Per capita quantity stable:
Paper and plastic have replaced coal ash and horse manure.
:Robertson
Robertson, D. S.
1990 THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION. _Communication Research_ 17,
235-254.
:Rostow
Rostow, Walt Whitman [b. 1916] / MIT
1960 _THE STAGES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: A Non-Communist Manifes-
to_. Cambridge University Press.
:486
Sanger, David E.
1988 Chip Designers Seek Haste without Waste. NYT 880106:D4.
Intel 80486 will have a million transistors, 80386 had
275,000, 80286 had 120,000.
:Schmookler
Schmookler, Andrew Bard
1984 _THE PARABLE OF THE TRIBES: The Problem of Power in
Social Evolution_. Berkeley: University of California
Press.
1986 paper Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
:Seligman
Seligman, Adam B.
1992 _THE IDEA OF CIVIL SOCIETY_. New York: The Free Press.
241 p.
Rev NYTBR 0913:26 / Gray, John
The concept derives from 17th c. transformation of medieval
ideas of natural law in Christian individualism of John
Locke; it was expanded by the Scottish Enlightenment. The
concept has been revived now in Eastern Europe, USA, and
Western Europe in divergent forms.
The issue is the relationship between public and private
goals and interests. (Note that this characterization is
not quite the same as Fairbank's, quoted in 5_2_3* .)
:GEEB
Smil, Vaclav
1991 _GENERAL ENERGETICS: ENERGY IN THE BIOSPHERE AND CIVILIZA-
TION_. New York: John Wiley & Sons. = GEEB
:Spencer
Spencer, Herbert [1820-1903]
1873 _PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY_, Vol. 1.
1882 _PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY_, Vol. II. London: Williams &
Norgate Ltd. and New York: D. Appleton and Company.
1896 _PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY_, Vol. III. London: Williams &
Norgate Ltd. and New York: D. Appleton and Company.
1967 _THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIETY: SELECTIONS FROM HERBERT SPEN-
CER'S PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY_. Robert L. Carneiro, Ed.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
"[Society] undergoes continuous growth. As it grows, its
parts become unlike: it exhibits increase of structure.
The unlike parts simultaneously assume activities of
unlike kinds. These activities are not simply different,
but their differences are so related as to make one anoth-
er possible. The reciprocal aid thus given causes mutual
dependence of the parts. And the mutually dependent
parts, living by and for one another, form an aggregate
constituted on the same general principle as is an indi-
vidual organism." (p. 8, quoted by Haas 59-60)
:Spengler
Spengler, Oswald [1880-1936]
_DER UNTERGANG DES ABENDLANDES_. Mönchen: C. H. Beck'sche
Verlagsbuchhandlung.
1918 I, _Gestalt und Wirklichkeit_.
1922 II, _Welthistorisches Perspektiven_.
_The Decline of the West_. Trans. Charles Francis Atkin-
son. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
1926 I, _Form and Actuality_.
1928 II, _Perspectives of World History_.
:TCCh
Steward, Julian Haynes [1902-1972]
1955 _THEORY OF CULTURE CHANGE_, University of Illinois Press.
:Sung
Sung, Ying-hsing [1615-1644 fl]
1637 1966 _T'ien-kung k'ai-wu_ = _CHINESE TECHNOLOGY IN THE
SEVENTEENTH CENTURY_. Sun, E-tu Zen & Sun, Shiou-chuan,
trs. University Park: Pennsylvania State University
Press.
Part I
1. The growing of grain, 3
2. Clothing materials, 35
3. Dyes, 73
4. The preparation of grains, 81
5. Salt, 109
6. Sugars, 124
Part II
7. Ceramics
8. Casting, 159
9. Boats and carts, 171
10. Hammer forging, 189
11. Calcination of stones, 201
12. Vegetable oils and fats, 215
13. Paper, 223
Part III
14. The metals, 235
15. Weapons, 261
16. Vermilion and ink, 279
17. Yeasts, 289
18. Pearls and gems, 295
:Toffler
Toffler, Alvin
1973 _THE THIRD WAVE_. New York: William Morrow and Company,
Inc.
:Tuchman
Tuchman, Barbara W.
1978 _A DISTANT MIRROR: The Calamitous 14th Century_. New
York: Alfred A. Knopf.
:Turnbull
Turnbull, Colin M. / George Washington University
1968 THE IMPORTANCE OF FLUX IN TWO HUNTING SOCIETIES. In Lee
and DeVore, 133-137.
132: "... population 'flux', or changeover of personnel,
between local groups of both Ik and Mbuti pygmy hunting
and gathering groups." [Cohen 61]
:Vygotskij
Vygotskij, Lev Semonovich
1934 _THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE_.
1962 Ed. & Tr. Eugenia Hanfmann & Gertrude Vakar. Cam-
bridge, MA: MIT Press.
:Wallace
Wallace, Alfred Russell
1855 ON THE LAW WHICH HAS REGULATED THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW
SPECIES. _Annals and Magazine of Natural History_ 16:184-
196.
1858 ON THE TENDENCY OF VARIETIES TO DEPART INDEFINITELY FROM
THE ORIGINAL TYPE. _J of the Proceedings of the Linnean
Society, Zoology_ 3:53-62.
1864 THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN RACES AND THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN DEDUCED
FROM THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION. _J of the Anthropo-
logical Society of London_ 2157-187.
1870 _CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION_. New
York: Macmillan.
1905 _MAN'S PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE_. New York: McClure Phil-
lips.
:Wall
Wallerstein, Immanuel
1974 _THE MODERN WORLD SYSTEM_. Vol 1, _CAPITALIST AGRICULTURE
AND THE ORIGINS OF THE EUROPEAN WORLD-ECONOMY IN THE
SIXTEENTH CENTURY_. New York: Academic Press.
"It is the social achievement of the modern world ... to
have invented the technology that makes it possible to
increase the flow of the surplus from the lower strata to
the upper strata, from the periphery to the center, from
the majority to the minority by eliminating the 'waste' of
too cumbersome a political structure." (pp. 15-16)
1980 _THE MODERN WORLD SYSTEM_. Vol 2, _Mercantilism and the
Consolidation of the European World-economy, 1600-1750_.
Cambridge University Press.
:TIMA
White, Lynn Townsend, Jr. [1907-1987]
1940 TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION IN THE MIDDLE AGES. _Speculum_
15:141-159.
"Broadly speaking, technology is the way people do
things." (MRTe 1)
:MRTe
White, Lynn T[ownsend], Jr. [1907-1987]
1978 _MEDIEVAL RELIGION AND TECHNOLOGY: Collected Essays_.
Berkeley-Los Angeles: University of California Press.
As a Stanford freshman in the spring of 1925, White decid-
ed to become a medieval historian. On reading Kroeber's
book called "Anthropology" in 1933, he turned to technolo-
gy. He enjoyed great success, eventually holding the
title of University Professor of History at UCLA.
:Wiora
Wiora, Walter
1965 _THE FOUR AGES OF MUSIC_. New York: W. W. Norton &
Company, Inc.
:Wobst
Wobst, H. Martin / University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 1981
1974 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR PALEOLITHIC SOCIAL SYSTEMS: A
Simulation Approach. _American Anthropologist_ 39:147-
177.
:Znaniecki
Znaniecki
_THE POLISH PEASANT_.
:Zuboff
Zuboff, Shoshona [1951- ] / Harvard University / Business School
1988 _IN THE AGE OF THE SMART MACHINE: THE FUTURE OF WORK AND
POWER_. Basic Books.
Workers feel a loss of 'sentience', "a dissociation of
sentience [manual] and knowledge." White-collar workers
miss the feel of the files. Computer "both accomplishes
tasks and translates them into information." 'Textua-
lizes' production.
Management loses superiority of knowledge when workers
understant the production process; responds by making
hierarchy more rigid, blocking access. False that manag-
ers want technology only for "controlling, limiting, and
... weakening" labor.
:E&Pr
_ENERGY AND POWER_
1971 Reprints a special issue of _Scientific American_. San
Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company. = E&Pr
[Mind-Culture Coevolution Home] [Tech Evol Contents] [1 History] [2 Ranks] [3 Energetics] [4 Informatics] [5 Politics] [6 Investment] [7 Appropriate] [8 Best They Could] [Bibliography] [Figures] [Notes] |